People often assume that if a judge names one parent as the sole managing conservator, it means that parent gets “sole custody.” That’s not actually how it works. In Texas, the word custody isn’t even a legal term. What the court is really talking about is conservatorship, which has more to do with parental rights and decision-making than where the child physically lives.
Conservatorship vs. Possession
Texas courts divide responsibilities between parents in two main ways: joint managing conservatorship and sole/possessory conservatorship.
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In a joint managing conservatorship, both parents share most major decision-making powers, such as choices about school, health care, and moral or religious upbringing. Each parent has authority to act on those rights without waiting for the other’s approval.
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In a sole/possessory conservatorship, one parent makes most of those decisions alone. The other parent still has a recognized role but with fewer rights.
What About Living Arrangements?
The key factor most parents care about—where the child will live—is decided separately. Judges assign one parent the right to decide the child’s primary residence. That parent might be a joint managing conservator or a sole managing conservator. Either way, the other parent almost always has a schedule of visitation and access. In fact, the same standard possession schedule can apply whether parents share joint conservatorship or one is named sole.
Bottom Line
Using the term custody in a Texas case usually creates more confusion than clarity. If you want to be on the same page with the court and your attorney, it helps to drop “custody” from your vocabulary. Instead, think in terms of:
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Conservatorship → decision-making rights and duties
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Possession → where the child lives and when
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Access → visitation rights
That’s the framework Texas law actually uses—and the one that will give you the clearest picture of your situation.
